streaming Archives – Page 6 of 32 – The Broadcast Knowledge

Video: How to Up Your Sports Streaming Game

Posted on 24th March 2021 by Russell Trafford-Jones

As countries seek to wrest themselves from lockdowns, however long that takes, we see the name of the game will be come out big and make the most of the renewed freedoms. Streaming has certainly seen a boost over the last year despite the challenges, but in order to make the most of that, as we switch up a gear in public life, now’s the time up your game. Sports streaming is likely to see gradual improvement in the number of live fixtures to cover and employees should be able to find protuctivity gains in working more closely with their colleagues when the time is right the share space again.

In this panel from Streaming Media Connect, Jeff Jacobs from VENN talks to Magnus Svensson, from Eyevinn Technology, Ali Hodjat from Intertrust Technologies, Live Sports’ Jef Kethley and Darcy Lorincz from Engine Media. Magnus kicks off the discussion highlighting the state of the sports streaming industry and the trends he’s seeing. Magnus says that streaming providers are moving away from mimicing broadcast services and inovating in their own right. The younger audience are still more interested in highlights clips then older viewers and esports wiith its on-screen chat and interactivity represents a big departure from what we are used to from broadcasters. Low-latency streaming remains important but keeping feeds synchronised within the home is often seen as more important than the absolute latency.

Jef speaks about the complete cloud infrastructure he built for the Drone Racing League (DRL) which gave a computer to each player and ran the program and drone simulation in the cloud. Looking to the future, he sees streaming as now allowing monetisation of newer sports. Now that it’s easier and/or cheaper to produce lower-interest sports, they can be economoical to monetise and deliver even to a small audience.

Darcy represents workflows where AI is doing the work. AI’s understanding the goals, the numbers on shirts and much of the action within a game. Darcy’s trying to find as many things AI can do to reduce our reliance on humans. Visualisation of data is grown in demand making these stats easily digestable for viewers by overlaying information in new ways on to the screen.

Ali’s view is from the security angle. He’s been focussed on protecting live sports. Weith the push to lower and lower latencies, the value of the streams has increased as they’re more useful to use for betting. At the same time, lower latency makes it harder to add encryption. On top of encryption watermarking individual feeds and quickly identifying them online is a major focus. Protection, though, needs to extend from the media back to the web site itself, the payment gateway, the applications and much else.

The panel session finishes after discussing low-latency, the pros and cons of remote working, co-streaming, low-latency for backhaul/contribution and finishes with a round of advice to use with your service.

Watch now!
Speakers

	Magnus Svensson VP Sales and Business Development, Eyevinn Technology
	Ali Hodjat Director Product Marketing, Intertrust
	Jef Kethley Executive Director / President LiveSports, LLC
	Darcy Lorincz Global head of Esports & Business Development, Engine Media Inc.
	Moderator: Jeff Jacobs General Manager, VENN

Video: Netflix – Delivering better video encodes for legacy devices

Posted on 10th March 2021 by Russell Trafford-Jones

With over 139 million paying customers, Netflix is very much in the bandwidth optimisation game. It keeps their costs down, it keeps customers’ costs down for those on metered tariffs and a lower bitrate keeps the service more responsive.

As we’ve seen on The Broadcast Knowledge over the years, Netflix has tried hard to find new ways to encode video with Per-Title encoding, VMAF and, more recently, per-shot encoding as well as moving to more efficient codecs such as AV1.

Mariana Afonso from Netflix discusses what do you do with devices that decode the latest encoders either because they are too old or can’t get certification? Techniques such as per-title encoding work well because they are wholly managed in the encoder. Whereas with codecs such as AV1, the decoder has to support it too, meaning it’s not as widely applicable an optimisation.

As per-title encoding was developed within Netflix before they got their VMAF metric finished, it still uses PSNR, explains Mariana. This means there is still an opportunity to bring down bitrates by using VMAF. Because VMAF more accurately captures how the video looks, it’s able to lead optimisation algorithms better and shows gains in tests.

Better than per-title is per-chunk. The per-chunk work done modulates the average target bitrate from chunk to chunk. This avoids over-allocating bits for low-complexity scenes and results in a more consistent quality by 6 to 16%.

Watch now!
Speaker

Mariana Afonso
Research Scientist, Video Algorithms,
Netflix

Video: Per-Title Encoding in the Wild

Posted on 5th March 2021 by Russell Trafford-Jones

How deep do you want to go to make sure viewers get the absolute best quality streamed video? It’s been common over the past few years not to just choose 7 bitrates for a streamed service and encode everything to those bitrates. Rather to at least vary the bitrate for each video. In this talk we examine why doing this is leaving bitrate savings on the table which, in turn, means bitrate savings for your viewers, faster time-to-play and an overall better experience.

Jan Ozer starts with a look at the evolution of bitrate optimisation. It started with Beamr and, everyone’s favourite, FFmpeg. Both of which re-encode every frame until they get the best quality. FFmpeg’s CRF mode will change the quantizer parameter for each frame to maintain the same quality throughout the whole file, though with a variable bitrate. Beamr would encode each frame repeatedly reducing the bitrate until it got the desired quality. These worked well but missed out on a big trick…

Over the years, it’s been clear that sometimes 720p at 1Mbps looks better than 1080p at 1Mbps. This isn’t always the case and depends on the source footage. Much rolling news will be different from premium sports content in terms of sharpness and temporal content. So, really, the resolution needs to be assessed alongside data rate. This idea was brought into Netflix’s idea of per-title encoding. By re-encoding a title hundreds of times with different resolutions and data rates, they were able to determine the ‘convex hull’ which is a graph showing the optimum balance between quality, bitrate and resolution. That was back in 2015. Moving beyond that, we’ve started to consider more factors.

The next evolution is fairly obvious really, and that’s to make these evaluations not for each video, but for each shot. Doing this, Jan explains, offers bitrate improvements of 28% for AVC and more for other codecs. This is more complex than per-title because the stream itself changes, for instance, GOP sizes, so whilst we know this is something Netflix is using, there are no available commercial implementations currently.

Pushing these ideas further, perhaps the streaming service should take into account the device on which you are viewing. Some TV’s typically only ever take the top two rungs on the ladder, yet many mobile devices have low-resolutions screens and never get around to pulling the higher bitrates. So profiling a device based on either its model or historic activity can allow you to offer different ABR ladders to allow for a better experience.

All of this needs to be enabled by automatic, objective metrics so the metrics need to look out for the right aspects of the video. Jan explains that PSNR and MS-SSIM, though tried and trusted in the industry, only measure spatial information. Jan gives an overview of the alternatives. VMAF, he says, ads a detail loss metric, but it’s not until we start using PW-SSIM from Bright cove where aspects such as device information is taken into account. SSIMPLUS does this and also considers wide colour gamut HDR and frame rates. Similarly ATEME’s ‘Quality Vector’ considers frame rate and HDR.

Dr. Abdul Rehman follows Jan with his introduction to SSIMWAVE’s technologies and focuses on their ability to understand what quality the viewer will see. This allows a provider to choose whether to deliver a quality of ’70’ or, say, ’80’. Each service is different and the demographics will expect different things. It’s important to meet viewer expectations to avoid churn, but it’s in everyone’s interest to keep the data rate as low as possible.

Abdul gives the example of banding which is something that is not easily picked up by many metrics and so can be introduced as the encode optimiser continues to reduce the bitrate oblivious to the obvious banding. He says that since SSIMPLUS is not referenced to a source, this can give an accurate viewer score no matter the source material. Remember that if you use PSNR, you are comparing against your source. If the source is poor, your PSNR score might end up close to the maximum. The trouble is, your viewers will still see the poor video you send them, not caring if this is due to encoding or a bad source.

The video ends with a Q&A.

Watch now!
Speakers

	Jan Ozer Principal, Stremaing Learning Center Contributing Editor, Streaming Media
	Abdul Rehman CEO, SSIMMWAVE

Video: DVB and HbbTV Technologies in TV Systems

Posted on 26th February 2021 by Russell Trafford-Jones

As the amount of video consumed on the internet continues to grow, technologies that unify over-the-air broadcast with internet delivery. Doing this should allow a seamless mix meaning viewers can choose a service without knowing how it’s arriving at their TV, mobile device or laptop. This is the principle behind DVB-I and HbbTV.

In this webinar, Peter MacAvock and Peter Lanigan join moderator Dr. Jörn Krieger to answer questions about how DVB-I works and how the two organisations work together. To set the scene, Peter Lanigan explains what DVB-I is and where it sits within DVB’s other technologies.

Famous for the widespread technologies of DVB-T, -S and -C which underpin much of the world’s broadcasting, DVB have recently developed a broadcast-focused version of MPEG DASH called DVB-DASH on which DVB-I is built. Where there -T in DVB-T is for terrestrial broadcast and the -S in DVB-S for satellite broadcast, the -I in DVB-I stands for internet. Built upon the DVB-DASH standard DVB-I delivers services over the Internet to devices with broadband access whether that’s raw internet or over operator-managed networks. Most importantly, this isn’t just about TVs, but any device.

DVB-I aims to offer a way unify over-the-air broadcast with internet delivery. The apps used to deliver services to smartphones, tablets and desktops tend to create segregation as each provider delivers their own app. However, there is a benefit to removing the need for each broadcaster needing to maintain their app on all the many platforms. By unifying delivery, DVB-I also makes life easier for manufacturers who can deliver a single, consistent experience. Finally, it opens up a market for more general apps which deliver a TV experience without being tied to one broadcaster opening up more business models and a route to independent innovation.

‘Service Lists’ are the fundamental currency of DVB-I. Service discovery is therefore a critical aspect of DVB-I which was first defined in 2019 and updated in 2020. Service discovery is a technical, commercial and legal problem all of which are addressed in the DVB-I Service Discovery and Programmed Metadata standard which provides ways in which clients can access Service Lists and Service List Registries.

Another important aspect of delivery is targetted advertising since advertising underpins the business model of many broadcasters. DVB-TA defines targetted advertising for linear TV and is now being updated to include DVB-I. With DVB-TA, adverts are delivered to the receiver/device over IP based on various criteria and then triggered at the appropriate time as specified by the A178-1 signalling spec.

Source: DVB

Ahead of the Q&A, Peter MacAvock introduces the HbbTV organisation explaining how and why it works closely with DVB to generate specifications that drive Hybrid TV forward. Also a member organisation, HbbTV and DVB share many interests but where the DVB’s remit within broadcast is wider than the device-centric HbbTV scope, HbbTV also has a wider scope than DVB since STBs and other devices are in use outside of broadcasting, for instance in retail. Importantly, HbbTV has replaced MHP as DVB’s hybrid TV solution. DVB and HbbTV are sharing the task of making DVB-DASH content and validation tools available to their members.

The Q&A covers controlling of the quality of delivery, getting around the internet’s different reliability compared to RF. They also address scalability with reference to DVB-ABR Multicast. There’s a question on avoiding illegal channels being included in service lists which both Peters acknowledge is a conversation ‘in progress’ for which the technical means exist, but speficially how to implement them is still in discussion a lot of which surrounds ways to establish trust between the device and the service list registars.

The Q&A finishes by discussing whether telcos/ISPs are interested in adopting DVB-ABR Muilticast, compatability between DVB-I and HbbTV as well as 5G broadcast mode.

Watch now!
Download the DVB-I Presentation
Download the HbbTV Presentation

Speakers

	Peter MacAvock DVB Chairman Head of Delivery, Platforms and Services, EBU Technology and Development
	Peter Lanigan Senior Manager, Standardisation, TP Vision
	Moderator: Jörn Krieger Freelance Journalist

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